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It is known that degenerate mutants of the solvent producingClostridium acetobutylicumwill spontaneously develop during repeated subculturing or continuous fermentation. Several hypotheses have been proposed as to what causes this spontaneous degeneration. One proposed explanation is that aberrations in regulatory proteins result in the failure of the organism to respond to influences causing the...
Members of the genusFusobacteriumare associated with several human diseases especially with periodontitis and gingivitis. Unfortunately, most of the current identification methods are insufficient for the correct identification of all the species in the genus, which makes it difficult to determine the etiological role of these bacteria in periodontal diseases. Chemotaxonomical markers for precise...
Attachment ofTreponema denticolaATCC 35405 was studied using a new epithelial model consisting of cultured periodontal ligament epithelial cells.T. denticolabound rapidly but selectively to the epithelial cells. Even at a high concentration of 1x10 11 bacteria/mL, 31% of the epithelial cells did not bind any treponemes in confluent cultures. However, some of the cells bound large numbers...
The anaerobic fungus,Neocallimastix hurleyensis, was grown in 100mL batch and continuous-flow cultures on wheat straw concentrations ranging from 5-80g dry matter/L of culture fluid. In batch culture,N. hurleyensiscould degrade about 45% of the wheat straw, but only if the substrate was provided at 5g dry matter/L. In cultures containing 10-80g dry matter/L, progressively less of the straw was degraded...
To study intra-individual and intrafamilial clonal diversity of the putative periodontopathogensActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalisandPrevotella intermedia/nigrescensgroup, family members of two children harbouring these species were investigated.A. actinomycetemcomitansandP. gingivalisisolates were characterized by sero- and ribotyping, whileP. intermedia/nigrescensgroup...
In this report we present a patient with parotic sialolithiasis with acute obstructive sialadenitis. Intra-oral examination disclosed a salivary stone protruding from the left parotid salivary duct. The sialolith was removed and purulent drainage with a foul odor was immediately produced from the parotic duct. Quantitative culture yielded 1.68 x 10 8 CFU/mL bacterial growth consisting ofActinomycesspecies,Bacteroides...
Protein L (L) and albumin-binding (A) proteins may be virulence factors ofPeptostreptococcus magnusisolates. When 32P. magnusisolates from different countries were screened for protein L gene sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the only positive isolates were three which had been previously identified. Protein L-containing (L + A - ) or albumin-binding isolates (L ...
The membrane-bound ATPase of the facultatively anaerobic alkaliphileAmphibacillus xylanusstrain Ep01 was solubilized with a non-ionic detergent, decanoyl N-methylglucamide, and purified by the successive chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite. The purified enzyme contained five polypeptides with molecular masses of approximately 78, 59, 40, 22 and 13 kDa. The enzyme utilized only triphosphates...
Mucins are endogenously produced glycoproteins that are available for fermentation by populations of human colonic bacteria. As these substrates have a relatively high sulphate content, their metabolism can potentially release this anion in a free form. Dissimilatory sulphate-reducing bacteria may then further metabolise that sulphate released to produce sulphide, which is highly toxic. Studies showed...
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the specific amplification of a part of each of the fiveClostridium perfringenstoxin genes: alpha (α), beta (β), epsilon (ε), iota (ι), and enterotoxin (CPE). While the toxicity neutralization test (TNT) only showed limited ability to detect the α toxin, the lecithinase test and PCR test (PCR α ) concordantly detected the α toxin and the...
Lactobacilli are part of the normal flora of the urogenital tract, and are used to restore the bacterial balance of the gastrointestinal, urogenital and respiratory tracts. We studied whether lactic acid bacteria could be used as probiotics in the urinary tract in order to prevent colonization of uropathogens in the epithelium. The strains used wereLactobacillus fermentumCRL 1058 and the uropathogenic...
The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in two strains ofBacteroides uniformiswere visualized and identified by gel electrophoresis and subsequent fluorography. One of the strains (B. uniformisB 371) was highly β-lactam resistant and β-lactamase producing, and the other was a reference ATCC type strain (ATCC 8492). Clavulanic acid was used in the assay to block the β-lactamase activity. Five major...
Clostridium septicumNCTC 282 was cytotoxic for CACO-2 and HEp-2 cells. However, HEp-2 cells were more resistant than CACO-2 cells toC. septicumcytotoxin. Short motile rod forms were considerably more cytotoxic than swarming bacteria. Bacterial adhesion only occurred with HEp-2, and short motile rod forms adhered in significantly greater numbers than swarming bacteria. Removal of bacterial flagella...
Much research has been performed to measure and compare bacterial activities in various watery environments, with the goal of understanding the roles of the isolated microorganisms.C. perfringensand especially its spores, which are more tolerant to various physicochemical effects than the other faecal indicator bacteria, could serve as a useful indicator in ecosystems having stress factors. In order...
Lactococcus lactissubsp.cremorisstrain J46, isolated from fermented milk, produced a new bacteriocin designated as bacteriocin J46. The bacteriocin demonstrated inhibitory activity towards some strains of lactobacilli, lactococci, bacilli, clostridia andStreptococcus thermophilus, and toward outgrowth ofClostridium tyrobutyricumspores. The antimicrobial substance was resistant to treatment with papain...
Metronidazole has been shown to be reduced intracellularly by a ferredoxin-linked hydrogenase mediated mechanism inClostridia. Pathogenic bacterial isolates representative of aerobic, fastidious, facultative, microaerophilic and obligate anaerobic metabolism were therefore surveyed for the presence of hydrogenase activity using a rapid commercial semi-quantitative assay adapted for this purpose. The...
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